If you are fishing on a private charter/party boat then no. If your fishing from a friends,family boat then yes including shore fishing. Get one the FLW conservations officers are everywhere down there don't want to risk it. You can purchase them at any Walmart or online.
Here is some that I think will help you in obtaining one before or after you visit the sunshine state.
Recreational licenses and permits for residents and nonresidents are available at county tax collectors' offices. In addition, they are available from subagents, such as sporting goods stores or other retailers selling hunting or fishing equipment. All license, permit, and issuance fees may be subject to change pending the outcome of this year's legislative session. Prices listed include tax collector's fee. In addition to the cost of a license or permit given in this section, an issuance fee of $.50 may be charged by the subagent selling the license or permit.
If you have a major credit card (http://myfwc.com/misc/visacard.html), the FWC offers you two ways to buy your hunting or fishing license without leaving your home.
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Follow this link (http://www.wildlifelicense.com/fl/) to information on buying your license directly over the internet (http://www.wildlifelicense.com/fl/). * (http://myfwc.com/license/#*)(A $2.25 + 2.5% surcharge of total sale per person will be added to your purchase)
Dial toll-free, either 1-888-HUNT-FLORIDA (486-8356) or 1-888-FISH-FLORIDA (347-4356) from anywhere in the United States or Canada. (A $3.25 + 2.5% surcharge of total sale per person will be added to your purchase)
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<TABLE id=table28 style="BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse" borderColor=#c0c0c0 cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=2 width=450 border=1><TBODY><TR><TH width=446 bgColor=#cccc99 colSpan=3>SALTWATER FISHING
</TH></TR><TR><TH width=446 bgColor=#cccc99 colSpan=3>Resident
</TH></TR><TR><TD align=left width=294></TD><TD class=BodyCenter align=right width=72>Annual</TD><TD class=BodyCenter align=right width=72>Five-Year</TD></TR><TR><TD class=Body align=left width=294 bgColor=#ffff99>Gold Sportsman's License (includes Hunting, Saltwater Fishing and Freshwater Fishing licenses; and Wildlife Management Area, Archery, Muzzleloading Gun, Crossbow, Turkey and Florida Waterfowl, Snook and Lobster Permits)</TD><TD class=BodyCenter align=right width=72 bgColor=#ffff99>$88.50</TD><TD class=BodyCenter align=right width=72></TD></TR><!-- <tr> <td width="278" align="left" class="Body">Military Gold Sportsman’s License (includes Hunting, Saltwater Fishing and Freshwater Fishing licenses: and Wildlife Management Area, Archery, Muzzleloading Gun, Turkey and Florida Waterfowl, Snook and Lobster Permits).</td> <td width="82" align="RIGHT" class="BodyCenter"> $20.00</td> <td width="82" align="RIGHT" valign="TOP" class="BodyCenter"> </td> </tr>--><TR><TD class=Body align=left width=278 bgColor=#ffff99>Military Gold Sportsman's License (includes Hunting, Saltwater Fishing and Freshwater Fishing licenses; and Wildlife Management Area, Archery, Muzzleloading Gun, Crossbow, Turkey and Florida Waterfowl, Snook and Lobster Permits) (sold only at tax collector's office)</TD><TD class=BodyCenter vAlign=top align=right width=82 bgColor=#ffff99>$20.00</TD><TD class=BodyCenter vAlign=top align=right width=82></TD></TR><TR><!--<td width="285" align="left" class="Body">Resident 64 or Older Sportsman's License (includes Freshwater Fishing and Hunting licenses; and Wildlife Management Area, Archery, Muzzleloading Gun, Turkey, Florida Waterfowl permits, Snook Permit and Lobster Permit)</td> <td align="RIGHT" valign="TOP" width="69" class="BodyCenter"> $13.50</td> <td align="RIGHT" valign="TOP" width="84" class="BodyCenter"> </td>--></TR><TR><TD class=Body align=left width=294>Annual</TD><TD class=BodyCenter align=right width=72>$13.50</TD><TD class=BodyCenter align=right width=72>$61.50</TD></TR><TR><TD class=Body align=left width=294>Lobster Permit</TD><TD class=BodyCenter vAlign=top align=right width=72>$2.00</TD><TD class=BodyCenter vAlign=top align=right width=72>$10.00</TD></TR><TR><TD class=Body align=left width=294>Snook Permit</TD><TD class=BodyCenter vAlign=top align=right width=72>$2.00</TD><TD class=BodyCenter vAlign=top align=right width=72>$10.00</TD></TR><TR><TD class=Body align=left width=294>Tarpon Tag</TD><TD class=BodyCenter vAlign=top align=right width=72>$51.50</TD><TD class=BodyCenter vAlign=top align=right width=72></TD></TR><TR><TH width=446 bgColor=#cccc99 colSpan=3>Nonresident
</TH></TR><TR><TD align=left width=294></TD><TD align=right width=74>Annual</TD><TD align=right width=74></TD></TR><TR><TD class=Body align=left width=294>Annual</TD><TD class=BodyCenter align=right width=74>$31.50</TD><TD align=right width=74>You will need one of these depending upon your stay.
</TD></TR><TR><TD class=Body align=left width=294>Nonresident 3-Day</TD><TD class=BodyCenter align=right width=74>$6.50</TD><TD align=right width=74></TD></TR><TR><TD class=Body align=left width=294>Nonresident 7-Day</TD><TD class=BodyCenter align=right width=74>$16.50</TD><TD align=right width=74></TD></TR><TR><TD class=Body align=left width=294>Snook Permit</TD><TD class=BodyCenter align=right width=74>$2.00</TD><TD align=right width=74></TD></TR><TR><TD class=Body align=left width=294>Lobster Permit</TD><TD class=BodyCenter align=right width=74>$2.00</TD><TD align=right width=74></TD></TR><TR><TD class=Body align=left width=294>Tarpon Tag</TD><TD class=BodyCenter align=right width=74>$51.50</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>